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L | Competitors (n =15) | Non competitors (n =16) | |||||||
M | S.D. | Min | Max | M | S.D. | Min | Max | ||
Weight (kg) | 69.97 | 13.76 | 53 | 98 | 68.12 | 13.01 | 46 | 91 | |
Height (m) | 1.74 | 0.12 | 1.57 | 1.93 | 1.72 | 0.10 | 1.52 | 1.89 | |
F max (N) | 1 | 2089.80* | 634.70 | 1143 | 3482 | 1537.25 | 737.43 | 193 | 3339 |
2 | 1987.83* | 466.10 | 1014 | 2804 | 1591.94 | 671.94 | 184 | 2839 | |
3 | 1904.47* | 498.30 | 1113 | 2830 | 1304.50 | 608.63 | 158 | 2552 | |
T | 1994.03* | 537.37 | 1014 | 3482 | 1477.90 | 679.23 | 158 | 3339 | |
T exec (s) | 1 | 0.226* | 0.06 | 0.174 | 0.501 | 0.285 | 0.088 | 0.208 | 0.493 |
2 | 0.239* | 0.025 | 0.192 | 0.293 | 0.279 | 0.046 | 0.226 | 0.472 | |
3 | 0.297* | 0.053 | 0.221 | 0.464 | 0.387 | 0.114 | 0.263 | 0.666 | |
T | 0.254* | 0.057 | 0.174 | 0.501 | 0.317 | 0.100 | 0.208 | 0.666 |
Table 1 - Maximum impact force and execution time between expert and novice competitors in function of its execution distance
Note : n =15 for expert competitors, n =16 for novice competitors, M =Mean, S.D.=standard deviation, L =execution distance (1=closed; 2=medium; 3=large), F max=maximum impact force in Newtons (N), T exec=execution time in seconds (s), weight in kilograms (kg). T =mean of total trials.
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Introduction
Taekwondo is a martial art that has been an official Olympic sport since the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. Taekwondo is a full contact combat and one of the kicks most used in competition is a Bandal Chagui or roundhouse kick (Lee, 1983, 1998; Nien et al., 2004; Roh and Watkinson, 2002). The roundhouse kick, a multiplanar skill, starts with the kicking leg travelling in an arc towards the front with the knee in a chambered position. The knee is extended in a snapping movement, striking the opponent with metatarsal part of the foot extended.
One of the main strengths of this particular type of kicks is that they can be easily adjusted according to the target distance during a competition. Although a long kick is more difficult to perform than a normal or short kick, it can be useful to score points in an unexpected attack (Kim et al., 2008). These authors studied the rotational range of movement of different parts of the body depending on the distance in a roundhouse kick. Careful observations during Taekwondo matches suggest that Taekwondo players spend quite some time...