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ABSTRACT
In the last period, the ecosystem of the Black Sea has been highly changed and disturbed: extensive pollution, coastal development, disturbance caused by extensive vessel traffic, over-fishing, etc. , were several of the causes . In this paper we present the influence of vibration (as a source of noise) on the physiological activity of the Black Sea blue mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck, 1819). Marine organisms are forced to implement their own strategy of defence against stress factors. Along their evolution, under the influence of environmental factors, mussels put in place anti-oxidant enzyme - systems and non-enzymatic defence systems against the action of harmful free radicals resulting from metabolic processes of organic xenobiotics. We can consider that in the Black Sea shallow waters, where, on rocky substrata the dominant species is the blue mussel, noises or vibrations with high frequency are harmful for the ecosystem.
Keywords: Mytilus galloprovincialis, oxidative stress, noise, spectrogram, physiological activity, ,Black Sea
1. INTRODUCTION
Free radicals of oxygen (ROS) are transitory molecules or molecular fragments of high complexity, able to interreact with all bio-molecules (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids), altering them structurally and functionally. The free radicals of oxygen are the Superoxid radical, the hydroxyl radical, the hydrogen peroxide radical (hydrogen peroxide) and singlet oxygen [9].
In marine organisms, the free radicals of oxygen can be generated under hypoxia or experimental induced environmental hyperoxia conditions [15].
The oxygen free radicals can be neutralized by cellular antioxidant defence system consisting of enzymes such as Superoxid dismutase (SOD), catalase (Cat), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and some nonenzimatice antioxidants such as vitamin A, C, E, GSH, flavonoids, ubiqinona [6] [7].
In the body of molluscs (bivalves) were discovered the components of the antioxidant enzyme system, such as Superoxid dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as numerous non-enzymatic substances with antioxidant activity and with high molecular weight, for example vitamins A, C, E and GSH[1][2][12][15].
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS USED FOR EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF ACCOUSTIC EMISSIONS ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE BLUE MUSSEL
The quipment used in experiments was obtained under the RoNoMar contract, from Bruel & Kjaer Company (B & K), and was used to perform measurements of underwater noise. The following equipment was used: 3 8106 hydrophones type 2 hydrophones...