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Contents
- Abstract
- Workplace Telepressure
- General Work Connectivity
- ICT Connectivity
- Personality/Trait Contributions to Workplace Telepressure
- Work Environment Contributions to Workplace Telepressure
- Job and ICT Demands
- Social Norms
- Study 1: Initial Scale Development and Construct Validity
- Method
- Participants and Procedure
- Measures
- Conscientiousness and extraversion
- Public self-consciousness
- Self-monitoring
- Techno-overload
- Norms
- Workaholism
- Work engagement
- Boundary creation and crossing
- Results
- Exploratory Factor Analysis
- Construct Validity
- Personal and Work Environment Predictors of Workplace Telepressure
- Discussion
- Study 2: Revised Scale Construct Validation and Criterion-Related Validity
- Additional Personal and Work Environment Factors
- Employee Stress, Recovery, and E-mail Behavior
- Method
- Participants and Procedures
- Measures
- Job involvement
- Affective commitment
- General work demands
- ICT demands
- Burnout
- Absenteeism and presenteeism
- Psychological detachment
- Sleep recovery problems
- Self-reported e-mail responding frequency and latency
- Results
- Confirmatory factor analyses
- Construct validity
- Criterion-related validity with stress, recovery, and e-mail responding outcomes
- Discussion
- Overall Discussion
- Limitations and Future Research
- Conclusions
- Appendix A
Figures and Tables
Abstract
Organizations rely heavily on asynchronous message-based technologies (e.g., e-mail) for the purposes of work-related communications. These technologies are primary means of knowledge transfer and building social networks. As a by-product, workers might feel varying levels of preoccupations with and urges for responding quickly to messages from clients, coworkers, or supervisors—an experience we label as workplace telepressure. This experience can lead to fast response times and thus faster decisions and other outcomes initially. However, research from the stress and recovery literature suggests that the defining features of workplace telepressure interfere with needed work recovery time and stress-related outcomes. The present set of studies defined and validated a new scale to measure telepressure. Study 1 tested an initial pool of items and found some support for a single-factor structure after problematic items were removed. As expected, public self-consciousness, techno-overload, and response expectations were moderately associated with telepressure in Study 1. Study 2 demonstrated that workplace telepressure was distinct from other personal (job involvement, affective commitment) and work environment (general and ICT work demands) factors and also predicted burnout (physical and cognitive), absenteeism, sleep quality, and e-mail responding beyond those factors. Implications for future research and workplace practices are discussed.
Advances in technology have changed how we transfer information and maintain relationships with others...