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Soap and brewery manufacturing industries produce high level of wastewater, which represents heavy pollution source on their receiving water body such as public streams and rivers. Several organic and inorganic chemicals are used in the manufacturing of the soap, which are very toxic to the microorganisms that make up the ecosystem leach out into these streams and rivers in the volume of several cubic centimeters per day. Such industrial wastewater effluent is usually discharged via gravity sewers to the public sewerage system. Most of the effluent is from the cooling water because the cooling process in the factory is open circle. This paper therefore, evaluates and assesses the effects of soap effluent on bacterial population in an aquatic ecosystem. Certain bacteria that make up the ecosystem are very useful in the biodegradation and biotransformation of toxic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment. Hence, the maintenance of the balance in this systemic is very crucial for the survival of other members of such ecosystem. That is why it is important to evaluate, assess, and determine their physiological state under toxic soap effluent. After an extensive peer-reviewed literature search to articulate all the facts and figures scattered in the literature it is found that several organic and inorganic chemicals that are used in the manufacture of soap are mainly toxic and have adverse effects on the bacterial population especially, those bacteria that help in the biodegradation and biotransformation of dangerous aromatic hydrocarbons. For example, triclosan (2,4,4'-trichloro-2'- hydroxydiphenyl ether) is widely used as antibacterial agent in soap, shampoo, and cosmetics are detected in wastewater effluent. Characterization of the composite wastewater from both soap and brewery plants indicated that the waste is highly contaminated with organic compounds as indicated by COD and BOD values. Moreover, effluent from the soap manufacturing plant contains significant concentrations of oil and grease amounting to 563 mg l-1. In addition, a sulfate soap preparation, composed mainly of resin and fatty acids, with added chlorophenols (CP, tri-, tetra-, and penta-CP) is a toxicant mixture, which also reduces the useful bacterial population adversely. The growth and survival rate of different bacteria that make up the ecosystem is markedly decreased creating imbalance in the dynamism of the ecosystem. It is therefore concluded that the soap manufacturing...