Abstract/Details

Nanoscale osseointegration: characterization of biomaterials and their interfaces with electron tomography

Grandfield, Kathryn.   Uppsala Universitet (Sweden) ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,  2012. 10774100.

Abstract (summary)

Bone response is one of the key determining factors in the overall success of biomaterials intended for bone regeneration and osseointegration. Understanding the formation of bone at an implant surface may lead to the improved design of biomaterials for the future. However, due to the inhomogeneity of bone tissue at an interface, two-dimensional images often lack detail on the interfacial complexity. Furthermore, the increasing use of nanotechnology in the design and production of biomaterials demands characterization techniques on a similar nano length scale.While current analysis methods, such as X-ray tomography, transmission electron microscopy, focused ion beam microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, provide a basis for analysing biomaterials and biointerfaces, they are incapable of doing so with both nanometre resolution and three-dimensional clarity. In contrast, electron tomography may be used to characterize the three-dimensional structure of biomaterials and their interfaces to bone with nanometre resolution.In this work, hydroxyapatite scaffolds, and laser-modified titanium and Ti6Al4V implants were studied in contact with human or rabbit bone. Z-contrast electron tomography revealed that the orientation of collagen in bone apposing hydroxyapatite, titanium and Ti6Al4V implants is consistently parallel to the implant surface, where the bioactive layer that precipitates on HA is oriented perpendicular to the implant surface. With this method, complete three-dimensional nanoscale osseointegration of titanium-based implants was also established.The extension of this technique from interfacial analyses to the design of biomaterials provided an understanding of the pore structure of mesoporous titania. In further investigations, the open three-dimensional pore network, as revealed by electron tomography, showed promise as a coating that improves implant osseointegration and enables site-specific drug-delivery from an implant surface.In summary, it was demonstrated that two-dimensional characterization techniques were insufficient for the investigation of nanostructured biomaterials, as well as their interfaces to bone. Visualizing biointerfaces and biomaterials with nanometre precision in three-dimensions can expose new fundamental information on materials properties and bone response, enabling better design of biomaterials for the future.

Indexing (details)


Identifier / keyword
(UMI)AAI10774100; Social sciences
Title
Nanoscale osseointegration: characterization of biomaterials and their interfaces with electron tomography
Author
Grandfield, Kathryn
Number of pages
0
Degree date
2012
School code
0903
Source
DAI 81/1(E), Dissertation Abstracts International
Place of publication
Ann Arbor
Country of publication
United States
Advisor
Engqvist, Håkan; Thomsen, Peter; Palmquist, Anders
University/institution
Uppsala Universitet (Sweden)
University location
Sweden
Degree
Ph.D.
Source type
Dissertation or Thesis
Language
English
Document type
Dissertation/Thesis
Note
N.A.
Dissertation/thesis number
10774100
ProQuest document ID
2001914843
Copyright
Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.
Document URL
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2001914843