Full Text

Turn on search term navigation

© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

The China–Russia crude oil pipeline (CRCOP) operates at a temperature that continuously thaws the surrounding permafrost, leading to secondary periglacial phenomena along the route. However, the evolution and formation mechanisms of these phenomena are still largely unknown. We used multi-temporal airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR), geophysical, and field observation data to quantify the scale of ponding and icing, capture their dynamic development process, and reveal their development mechanisms. The results show that the average depth of ponding within 5 m on both sides of the pipeline was about 31 cm. The volumes of three icings (A–C) above the pipeline were 133 m3, 440 m3, and 186 m3, respectively. Icing development can be divided into six stages: pipe trench settlement, water accumulation in the pipe trench, ponding pressure caused by water surface freezing, the formation of ice cracks, water overflow, and icing. This study revealed the advantages of airborne LiDAR in monitoring the evolution of periglacial phenomena and provided a new insight on the development mechanisms of the phenomena by combining LiDAR with geophysics and field observation. The results of our study are of great significance for developing disaster countermeasures and ensuring the safe operation of buried pipelines.

Details

Title
Evolution of Secondary Periglacial Environment Induced by Thawing Permafrost near China–Russia Crude Oil Pipeline Based on Airborne LiDAR, Geophysics, and Field Observation
Author
Gao, Kai 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Li, Guoyu 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Wang, Fei 2 ; Cao, Yapeng 1 ; Chen, Dun 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Du, Qingsong 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Chai, Mingtang 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Fedorov, Alexander 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Lin, Juncen 1 ; Shang, Yunhu 1 ; Huang, Shuai 5 ; Wu, Xiaochen 6 ; Bai, Luyao 7 ; Zhang, Yan 8 ; Tang, Liyun 8 ; Jia, Hailiang 8   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Wang, Miao 9 ; Wang, Xu 10 

 State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; gaokai@nieer.ac.cn (K.G.); caoyapeng@lzb.ac.cn (Y.C.); chendun@lzb.ac.cn (D.C.); xbdqs@lzb.ac.cn (Q.D.); chaimingtang@nxu.edu.cn (M.C.); linjuncen@nieer.ac.cn (J.L.); shangyunhu@lzb.ac.cn (Y.S.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Da Xing’anling Observation and Research Station of Frozen-Ground Engineering and Environment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jagdaqi 165000, China; International Research Center for China-Mongolia-Russia Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 
 Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; wangfei9107@ujs.edu.cn 
 State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; gaokai@nieer.ac.cn (K.G.); caoyapeng@lzb.ac.cn (Y.C.); chendun@lzb.ac.cn (D.C.); xbdqs@lzb.ac.cn (Q.D.); chaimingtang@nxu.edu.cn (M.C.); linjuncen@nieer.ac.cn (J.L.); shangyunhu@lzb.ac.cn (Y.S.); Da Xing’anling Observation and Research Station of Frozen-Ground Engineering and Environment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jagdaqi 165000, China; International Research Center for China-Mongolia-Russia Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China 
 Melnikov Permafrost Institute, SB RAS, Yakutsk 677010, Russia; fedorov@mpi.ysn.ru 
 Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management (Ministry of Education), School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; s_hwang@nefu.edu.cn 
 Daqing (Jagdaqi) Oil Gas Transportation Branch, PipeChina North Pipeline Company, Jagdaqi 165000, China; wuxc02@pipechina.com.cn 
 PipeChina Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang 065000, China; baily01@pipechina.com.cn 
 School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; ylozy@126.com (Y.Z.); tangly@xust.edu.cn (L.T.); hailiang.jia@xust.edu.cn (H.J.) 
 Heilongjiang Provincial Hydraulic Research Institute, Harbin 150050, China; jyllwm1990@126.com 
10  Heilongjiang Transportation Information and Science Research Center, Harbin 150080, China; jtkj01@hljjtkj.com 
First page
360
Publication year
2024
Publication date
2024
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
2504446X
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3097898766
Copyright
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.