The presence and significance of Khepri in Egyptian religion and art
Abstract (summary)
The Egyptian god Khepri, represented as a scarab beetle, appeared in Egyptian religion from Pre-dynastic times, and in art from early dynastic times. He became very popular during the Middle Kingdom but was omitted under the Persian rule.
Because of the natural habits of the dung beetle he was seen as a self engendered god and associated with the sun, thus the sun-god Ra and recreation. He was included in the cosmogony of Heliopolis, which was later incorporated in that of Thebes. In religion he signified creation, protection and resurrection. Together with the wings of Horus he formed the emblem of Upper and Lower Egypt.
Khepri appeared in all art forms such as heart scarabs, mummy-coverings, coffins, jewelry, painting, relief and sculpture. His inclusion in art aimed to protect different aspects of the deceased for resurrection, i.e. to ensure new youth and life in the Netherworld.