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Copyright © 2024, Sriram et al. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute-onset, self-limiting inflammatory condition affecting the skin and mucous membranes. It exhibits a range of skin lesions, which is why it is referred to as "multiforme." Oral lesions, usually inflammatory and frequently marked by rapidly rupturing vesicles and bullae, often constitute a significant clinical feature. The exact etiology is obscure; however, it may be caused by multiple triggering factors. The most well-established connection is with a previous herpes simplex virus infection, while a smaller percentage of cases (<10%) are linked to drug use. Based on mucosal involvement, the condition is classified into two types: EM minor and EM major. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell’s disease) are now recognized as separate clinical conditions. EM usually exhibits a self-limiting course, with lesions typically improving within a few weeks. Avoiding triggers and using steroid therapy can be effective treatments.

This paper documents a rare case of drug-induced oral EM featuring characteristic lip and intraoral lesions. The patient developed painful oral ulcers and difficulty in swallowing after taking azithromycin for a sore throat and fever. Clinical examination revealed multiple, hemorrhagic encrustations on the lips, along with ulcers on the right buccal mucosa and vesicular eruptions on the palate. The acute onset of multiple oral ulcers associated with a recent drug intake led to a diagnosis of drug-induced oral EM. Treatment included systemic prednisolone, topical triamcinolone paste, and supportive oral care. No recurrence was observed during the six-month follow-up.

Details

Title
Drug-Induced Oral Erythema Multiforme: A Report of a Rare Case
Author
Shyamkumar, Sriram; Jayakanth, Mambakkam J; Mariam, Sarah; Shazina, Saeed; Shamimul, Hasan
University/institution
U.S. National Institutes of Health/National Library of Medicine
Publication year
2024
Publication date
2024
Publisher
Cureus Inc.
e-ISSN
21688184
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3134427125
Copyright
Copyright © 2024, Sriram et al. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.