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Soy Isoflavones on Metabolic Markers in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
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SOURCE: Jamilian M, Asemi Z. The effects of soy isoflavones on metabolic status of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016;101:3386-3394.
The most common endocrine disorder among reproductive age women is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). 1 Prevalence is 6-10%, depending on the diagnostic criteria utilized. 2 Consensus guidelines developed by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the Androgen Excess and PCOS Society 1 state the diagnosis of PCOS is made by the existence of two of the following: chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism (clinical and biological), and polycystic ovaries. These criteria are consistent with the Rotterdam Criteria developed in 2003. 3 All women with PCOS are at increased risk for metabolic syndrome and should be evaluated for impaired glucose intolerance, hypertension, and lipid abnormalities. In addition, women with PCOS are at an increased risk for infertility, endometrial hyperplasia, and gestational diabetes. Goals of treatment vary according to symptomatology, metabolic risk factors, and desire for pregnancy. Typical treatments emphasize weight loss and employ the use of pharmaceuticals such as metformin, combined oral contraceptives, and spironolactone.
The role of adipose tissue and chronic inflammation in the pathophysiology of PCOS is a burgeoning area of research. 4 Current investigations focus on the link between the development of metabolic, endocrine, and reproductive dysfunctions of PCOS and adipose tissue dysfunction and chronic low-grade inflammation. 5 Women with PCOS frequently suffer from abdominal adiposity. Adipose tissue is involved in the release of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, acute phase proteins, and adipokines that may contribute to insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors.
Soy typically contains three isoflavones: genistein, daidzein, and glycitein. Soy isoflavones are being studied for their role as anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agents in the context of metabolic disorders. 6 A recent meta-analysis of randomized, clinical trials suggested that soy improves lipid profiles,...